In 1918, on this day founder of the American Nazi Party George Lincoln Rockwell was born in Bloomington, Illinois. An installment from the Fascist USA thread on Althistory Wiki.

Birth of an American NaziHe was a major figure in the American Freedom Party for much of his lifetime, a career which culminated in a twenty-eight year rule as Chief of State for the New United States.

He succeeded to that office upon the death of NUS founder William Dudley Pelley, of whom he was considered a protege, on July 1, 1965. He served in the office until his death, during which time he arguably held more power than Pelley and any other American leader in history - his 38-year term of office is the longest in American history. Rockwell had been Deputy Chief of State under Pelley from 1962 to 1965, and before this had been the Commander of the Silver Legion, the state militia, since 1957.

In 1916, on this day five hundred Mexican raiders led by Pancho Villa attack Columbus, New Mexico.

President Champ Clark vs The Centaur of the NorthWhen President Champ Clark threatens a belligerent response, his Secretary of State James Michael Curley is forced to resign.

A first generation Irish American who was raised on the horrors of the Irish Potato Famine and the stories of British oppression, Curley had played a major part in keeping the United States out of the Great War. However he had not bargained on a Border War with Mexico, and was quickly forced to reconsider his position as the crisis began to escalate.

But Curley is proven right and the whole nasty business backfires on Clark. Because matters turn full circle when British Intelligence intercept the Zimmermann Telegram, a diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States. Revelation of the contents outrage American public opinion and help generate support for a declaration of war.

In 1566, on this day an incredible demonstration of will power and steely resolve by Mary, Queen of Scots saved the life of her Torinese private secretary, David Rizzio.

Mary, Queen of Scots defends David Rizzio
Part 1Rebels had entered the Palace of Holyroodhouse and overpowered the royal guards while they took supper in the Queen's chambers. Led by Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven they burst into the private dining room and demanded at gun point that the heavily pregnant monarch hand Rizzio over. But her hysterical screams alerted the people of Edinburgh and several hundred local men poured out of the local taverns and ran to Holyrood with makeshift weapons. At this point the iron dripped into the Queen's soul when the rebels tried to force her to go to the window and dismiss them.

The showdown had positive consequences for the respect of Stuart authority, and also enabled Rizzio to achieve his desired elevation to Secretary of State.
This story continues in Part 2.

In 1566, on this day David Rizzio defended Mary, Queen of Scots.

David Rizzio Defends Mary, Queen of ScotsThe life of Mary I of Scotland (pictured) was surrounded by intrigue from the beginning. Less than a week after she was born as the only legitimate offspring of James V to survive, her father died, leaving the infant Mary as monarch in 1542. At fifteen, she was married to Francis II of France (two years her junior), strengthening the Auld Alliance between France and Scotland that had gone on for more than 250 years. Francis soon became king, but his reign lasted only a year before illness took him. The throne passed to his younger brother Charles IX, while real power was held by the Queen Consort, Catherine de Medici. Mary returned to presumed security in Scotland while France descended into the Wars of Religion between the Huguenots and Catholics. Meanwhile, England faced its own religious turmoil during the years of Henry VIII, Bloody Mary, and Protestant Elizabeth I. Mary Stuart claimed the throne of England herself through the Third Succession Act, though Henry VIII's last will had excluded the Stuarts.

A new story by Jeff ProvineScotland also felt the tension between the Catholics and Calvinist Protestants. Mary was a devout Catholic, but she tolerated Protestants and had a majority of them in her privy counsel. In 1562, she allied herself with the Earl of Moray (her illegitimate half-brother) to break the Catholic rebellion in the Highlands led by Lord Hunt. While she settled into power in Scotland, tensions with her cousin Elizabeth in England remained troubled. Mary refused to ratify the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560, which her secretaries had approved and would limit the alliance between Scotland and France while acknowledging Elizabeth as the rightful queen of England. Visits between the queens were canceled, and Mary turned down Elizabeth's suggestion that she marry the Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester. Instead, to secure her position in Scotland at the cost of outraging Elizabeth, she married her cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, in 1565.

The marriage proved a bad match. Although initially filled with affection, the two soon turned to jealousy. Darnley demanded more and more power while despising Mary's relationship with her secretary, David Rizzio, an Italian courtier she had met while in France who used his talent in music to work his way into courtly politics. Rumors swarmed around Rizzio and Mary, fed further by the general dissatisfaction among the increasingly Protestant Scottish lords with their Catholic queen. Finally Darnley chose to act, joining with the rebelling lords who had been beaten down at the Chaseabout Raid in August of 1526 to overthrow Mary. While soldiers stalled guards, Patrick Ruthven, Darnley, and others burst into Mary's supper chamber where she was meeting with Rizzio. The Italian jumped to his feet and defended the seven-month-pregnant queen even before they could make their demands known. Mary's screams from Holyroodhouse Palace awoke the people of Edinburgh, who arrived by the hundreds with makeshift weapons. The rebels found themselves surrounded, and, while Rizzio fought single-handedly to keep the lords at the narrow point of the doorway, Mary ordered the people of Edinburgh to free them.

The conspirators were captured and executed, wiping out a generation of rebels. Darnley was stripped of his title and imprisoned for life in Edinburgh Castle. Their marriage could not be annulled as James VI arrived that June and would be declared illegitimate without Darnley as his father (though it was widely believed that James VI was in fact Rizzio's, even to the point Henry IV of France noted that he could only hope that "he was not David the fiddler's son"). Moray, who had fled Scotland after Chaseabout, was spared and even pardoned by Mary upon his return. Many called for him to lead a new rebellion to support the Protestants, but Mary managed to convince him of her intentions to keep Scotland religiously tolerant, meeting with popular preacher John Knox even though he routinely rebuked her habits of dancing and lavish living. Moray would serve as her secretary of domestic affairs while Rizzio continued his position as secretary of foreign matters, primarily continuing diplomacy with France and other Catholic nations.

In 1569, the Rising of the North began in England as Catholics supporting Mary were eager to overthrow Elizabeth. While the rebellion was put down by Elizabeth and the Earl of Sussex, Mary was implicated in sending support to the rebels. The tensions grew worse as the rebellion had prompted Pope Pius V to excommunicate Elizabeth and declare Mary the rightful queen. Plots to assassinate Elizabeth, such as that headed by Roberto di Ridolfi, prompted swift action, such as the execution of the Duke of Norfolk. Many in Mary's camp wished to go to war, but she realized doing so would prompt another Protestant uprising, and so she remained neutral, even after the Anglo-Spanish War broke out in 1585. Her neutrality proved beneficial to Scotland, whose economy improved while the English and Spanish badgered one another in the Atlantic.

Mary I died in 1596, giving James VI reign over Scotland after a mixed Catholic-Protestant upbringing. Elizabeth followed her cousin in death in 1603, leaving behind a declaration that the Stuarts would be cut out of English succession, akin to her father's will the generation before, as Mary had never ratified the Treaty of Edinburgh. Due to numerous deaths of relatives during Elizabeth's long life and the invalid marriage of Lady Catherine Grey to Edward Seymour, the crown was passed to the unmarried Anne Stanley with Robert Cecil as Secretary of State. Queen Anne was courted by numerous Europeans, including a planned match with Ulrik of Denmark, but would ultimately marry an Englishman in 1607, Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos. Their first son, Robert, died in 1611, and the surviving George, born in 1620, assumed the throne upon his mother's death in 1647. With a stable English line of succession, England lived through the seventeenth century quietly other than colonial wars with the Spanish, French, and Dutch, with whom they fought as each gradually spread into North America.

Scotland, meanwhile, erupted in civil wars as lords contested James' beliefs on absolute rule as outlined in The True Law of Free Monarchies and Basilikon Doron. While many considered him a great patron, others blamed him for the constant bankruptcy of Scotland.

In 297 AD, bolstered by his decisive victory over the Persians, Caesar Galerius overthrew Diocletian, executing the senior Emperor and his traditor wife and daughter.

Galerius overthrows DiocletianDriven by a burning desire to restore past Roman glory, his deceased predecessor had re-introduced traditional religious practices. This action had threatened the purist non-traditors, schismatic Christian sects such as the Donatists and Meletians who absolutely refused to be "handed over" to imperial authority. Consequently he had been unwilling to subdue the anti-Christian anger of the crowd, refusing to intervene with official authority to confront the popular hostility that drove the early persecutions.

Where Diocletian sought only "to correct all things according to the ancient laws and public disciplines of the Romans" Galerius however was bitterly opposed to the Christians in principle. Less than a year into his reign, an ugly scene took place in Antioch that provided him with the pretext to massively escalate the persecutions to the point of genocide.

"The servants of God are those who are hated by the world" ~ Donatist SloganWith pagan priests accusing Christians of disrupting sacrifies at the Temple, the new Emperor responded with a set of uncompromising imperial edicts that rendered the traditor position untenable. Service in the Roman Army became impossible. Christianity was driven to the brink of oblivion; places of worship were destroyed, scriptures confiscated and the offering of sacrifices was compelled on pain of death. Communities in Africa, Egypt and Palestine were wiped out.

A fiery debate about how to treat those traditors who lapsed under persecution led to a permanent split in the North African Church. The purists were later eliminated by the Muslim invasion of North Africa.

In 738 ZRE, on this day in Hebron, Elisheva the six-month pregnant wife of the old man Zechariah received the joyous news that her cousin Miriam was also with child.

The VisitationThree traditional Zoroastrian monks would spirit the child Yeshua-ben-Joseph away to Medes in northern Persia. Her own son, Yohanan would also survive the Herodian Massacre of the Innocents. But his leadership of a messianic cult would ultimately lead to his arrest on the orders of the Roman Client King's succesor, his son Herod Antipas.

During the imprisonment his daughter Salome pleased her father with her dancing, and when offered anything she desired, asked for Yohanan's head on a plate. Appalled, Herod Antipas agreed, fully aware that such a bloodthirsty action would instigate a local rebellion. Instead, he secretly arranged for his escape. What he could not know was that he had created the conditions for a political and religious earthquake. Because Yohanan would head to northern Persia in search of his cousin who had been raised in the Zoroastrian faith. As foretold in a dream in which he had learnt of his own divine purpose, to make straight the path of the Messiah. A crooked path that had been diverted by the flight to Persia and needed to be straightened out. This article is part of the Zoroastrian Jesus thread.

	In 1961, on this day the Yankees announced they would dedicate their upcoming season to the late Casey Stengel. This would prove to be a powerful motivator for the Bronx Bombers; New York would win an MLB-record 132 regular season games that year and sweep the Cincinnati Reds in the 1961 World Series.
Casey Stengel

In 1988, the 'Super Tuesday' regional Democratic presidential primary held. President Hart wins in Maryland, Texas and Massachusetts. Rev. Jesse Jackson takes Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Mississippi. Richard Gephardt wins Florida, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky and Oklahoma, as well as his home state of Missouri. The Hart campaign is badly disappointed by the primary results, which indicate a further slippage in the President's political support even within his own party. Moreover, the split outcome suggests that the Democrats will be at a disadvantage in November no matter whom they nominate: in geberal, the party whose presidential nomination is locked up earlier tends to win, and it appears the Democrats may go all the way to their convention without settling the matter.	US President
	Gary Hart

	In 1931, Alfred Hugenberg meets with Nazi leader Ernst Roehm to inform him that he and the others present at the meeting a week earlier are withdrawing their support for the Nazis. The Nazis' leader is furious, and warns of "dire consequences" for this "betrayal". Hugenberg coolly responds that he is prepared for anything the Nazis might try.
Alfred Hugenberg

In 2004, Jacob and Livinia Sheridan locate the Huygens, which looks remarkably intact for a vessel that crash-landed in the Pacific Ocean from outer space. They are in a large enough sea-going ship, the Athena, to carry the Huygens, so they put it into the cargo hold. 'Quarantine the hold,' Jacob suggests to the captain, 'and we'll open it when we get back to Darwin.' The captain should have followed the good doctor's prescription.

In 1996, African forces begin carpet-bombing Pretoria, South Africa. With their American allies consumed with protecting their own borders, South Africa is left to defend itself. After conquering half of the southern hemisphere, they no longer even control their old borders, and the end is written on the wall for them.

In 1954, his fellow Communists criticize Comrade Senator Ted Astley of Washington, saying he was 'doing his best to shatter that party whose label he wears.' Comrade Astley had become overly zealous in hunting reactionary capitalists in the Soviet States of America, and his own party members had to step in and restrain him.

In 1943, Greek fighters for the Greater Zionist Resistance liberate Salonika briefly, and manage to evacuate a few thousand former G.Z.R. citizens before the German Underground cuts off the city and lays siege to it.

In 1862, the battle of the Ironclads, a new class of warship invented by the North American Confederation, takes place over the moon as the Lunar separatists of Brahe fight off an invading fleet from The Netherlands.

In 1684, experiments with the submarine show the Speaker's Line that air can be transported in a vehicle into places that have no air. This breakthrough, which should have advanced the Speaker's Dream, is instead lost because of the Secret War between the two main factions in the Speaker's Line.

In 1562, a public ban on kissing is proclaimed in the city of Naples, Italy. It lasts for about a day before the local nobleman is forced to rescind it because so many in his own palace are violating the law.

In 1451, Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci is born in Florence. He corrected the mistaken assumption that Columbus had discovered a new route to India, and had in fact stumbled upon a pair of continents previously unknown to Europeans, for the most part. In his honor, Europeans named the twin continents after him, North and South Vespuccia.

In 2005, after Chelsea Perkins agrees to turn over Morris Perkins' spell book to the Council of Wisdom, Alma May Watson asks them for a counterspell to the one that has so affected young Miss Perkins' vision. The Council promises to work on it and get back to them. Meanwhile, Chelsea has some fun watching television - on the other side of the continent.

In 2006, former British Minister of War John 'Jack' Profumo died in disgrace in South Africa surpassing even Philby and Maclean in traitorous infamy. In January 1961 at a party thrown by Viscount Astor at his home in Cliveden, Profumo met Christine Keeler, a call girl with whom he had an affair. Keeler was also involved with Yevgeny Ivanov, the senior naval attache at the Soviet Embassy. Red Jack fled the country during 1963 shortly before the Profumo Affair hit the headlines. It emerged that the Profumo-Keeler-Ivanov channel had been used to transfer vital information that had resulted in the American defeat during Cuban Missiles Crisis the previous year.

In 1874, on this day Millard Fillmore the 13th President of the United States and the last member of the Whig Party to hold that office died in Buffalo, New York. He was seventy-four years old.

Birth of VP FillmoreHe is consistently included in the bottom 10 of historical rankings of Presidents of the United States. But what if..

April 17th, 1850

For several weeks, a personal animosity had deepened between Senator Henry Foote of Mississippi and Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri; the former supporting Senator Clay's compromise legislation and the latter vehemently opposing it.

Matters came to a head that afternoon when Senator Foote began making personal accusations and remarks against Senator Benton in one of his speeches.

Senator Benton abruptly stood up from his desk, knocking his chair violently aside, and started towards Senator Foote in an unmistakable posture of physical confrontation.

Senator Foote (who was of much slighter build than the outraged Senator Benton) fled down the aisle towards the Vice President's desk, behind which he took cover and aimed a revolver at Senator Benton. Chaos erupted at the sight of the drawn weapon: visitors fled the galleries, and Senators shouted for someone to fetch the Sargeant-at-Arms. Senator Benton continued his foolhardy advance, shouting that Senator Footefor a coward and daring him to shoot.

[POD] Seeing Senator Foote's attention distracted for an instant, Senator Dickinson of New York tries to grab the revolver away from him. As they struggle, a single gunshot rings out. Vice President Millard Fillmore (who had stood only a few yards away, shouting in vain for the Senate to come to order) abruptly drops his gavel, staggers and falls to the floor. "Oh my God! You've killed Fillmore! You b*stards!" shouts Senator Benton.

Assuming Zachary Taylor still gets sick and dies that summer...

Depending on which chamber selects a leader first, the Presidential succession falls to either Senate President Pro Tempore William R. King (D-Alabama), or House Speaker Howell Cobb (D-Georgia), both of whom are strongly pro-slavery.

* Under the terms of the Succession Act of 1792, there will need to be a Presidential election in November 1850; so anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats probably work together to block any Compromise from passing until after the election (when hopefully someone more reasonable is in the White House).

* William Seward has a good chance of being elected, which may mean no Compromise of 1851, 1852, 1853, or 1854 either.

In 1655, what started as a private disagreement, this monumental case in the young American colonies would establish precedence for the clarity of indentured servitude and all but end the notion of slavery for the Virginia Colony.

John Casor Declared an Indentured Servant Anthony Johnson, a Black colonist who came to America in 1619 as an indentured servant, one from the first "20 and odd negroes", had realized his freedom and was granted fifty acres as was customary in the colonial settlement. Through "hard labor and known service" (as described in another, later legal case), Anthony and his wife Mary had grown fairly wealthy with a farm of 250 acres. As part of this, he was able to take on five indentured servants, one of whom was John Casor.

After several years of work, John determined that he had earned his freedom and paid back his debts from being brought over to the colonies. Anthony "was in a feare. Upon this his sonne in lawe, his wife and his two sonnes perswaded the said Anthony Johnson to sett the said John Casor free", which should have ended the matter. However, after a debilitating fire on his plantation in 1653, Anthony sought to rebuild, and he needed help of the servant he had given freedom. He took up a case against Robert Parker, a neighboring White planter who had taken on John Casor as a hired hand. In Johnson vs Parker, Anthony called for the return of Casor as well as damages for having lost his "servant for life". After much deliberation, it was determined that there was no paperwork in the matter (having been lost or nonexistent, a possibility as Anthony Johnson was illiterate), and that having one's word against another was a wobbly groundwork for law in the colonies. A new story by Jeff ProvineA man would not be a slave unless rigorously documented, which made indentured servitude the much more viable option.

Casor remained a free man working under Parker while Anthony sold the remainder of his farm and moved to Somerset County, where he would lease a 300-acre farm for ninety-nine years. Meanwhile, the influx of indentured servants bolstered the expansion of the colony as each would be granted 50 acres upon their freedom. The Virginia Colony exploded with growth, and soon other colonies would be founded, most emulating the anti-slave law, though fewer would agree with the easy citizenship of Blacks, as granted in another case concerning Anthony Johnson's land upon his death in 1670 in which his grandchildren were able to establish landowning rights.

Without slaves, it was argued, the building up of the colonies was slowed, but modern historians disagree, stating that a firmer, wider population of farmers maximized land use rather than plantations, as was seen in the Free Soil movement of the mid-1800s. As part of the transitory period between 1719 and 1729, South Carolina amended its laws to allow widespread slavery, which was crucial to building its economy on rice-harvesting since the skills of imported slaves were key to cultivation. In one of his many fiery essays in 1775, Thomas Paine would publish "African Slavery in America," a work condemning slavery in an age of enlightenment. Anti-slavery became a key part of the movement for independence, which would ignite the South, particularly South Carolina, in disagreement. The matter would finally be solved by the war effort, promising freedom to slaves who volunteered for the army and declaring restrictive masters to be "Tories".

After several decades of growth, the United States would again be torn apart by the Nullification Crisis over the Tariff of 1828 (also known as the "Tariff of Abominations" by detractors). The question of central federal power over states' rights in confederation again was raised forty years after the Constitution had replaced the Articles of Confederation. South Carolina led the charge in declaring "nullification" rights and was followed by the agricultural states of the South. President Andrew Jackson and his preparedness for a fight led to the fast-moving Civil War with U.S. Army troops collecting taxes while defeating opposing militias. Fear of overwhelming federal power struck the country, but, upon Martin Van Buren's election in 1836 near the closing days of the war, the nation came back together.

Although the United States was one of the earliest modern nations to abolish slavery, racial tensions would continue through the nineteenth century. Gradually through the work of conferences, African Americans and even women would be granted full rights and non-restricted votes by the turn of the twentieth century.

In 1803, because the proposed marriage of Jerome Bonaparte and the "Duchess of Baltimore" Betsy Patterson of Maryland would confer an illegal Title of Nobility on a US Citizen the constitution temporarily halted the Federal Government from purchasing the Louisiana Territory.

Duchess of Baltimore
Co-written with Mike Ulkowski Matters were further complicated when their child Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte born on July 7, 1805 received aristocratic recognition from France in addition to gaining U.S. citizenship through his American-born mother.

Nevertheless, for different reasons both the French and US Governments needed the Purchase to go ahead. And so Napoleon petitioned Pope Pius VII to annul their marriage, whilst Representative Nathaniel Macon of North Carolina drafted a constitutional amendment that would prevent US citizens from holding a foreign title of nobility.

Ultimately, the Pope refused to comply, and a constitutional amendment was indeed required prior to the completion of the Purchase.

In 1995, during a joint rally between President Clinton and Vice President Gore in Charleston, South Carolina, McVeigh detonates a large truck bomb, instantly killing President Clinton and Vice President Gore.

A shocked Newt Gingrich is sworn in as President of the United States. McVeigh is swiftly tracked down and is killed in a firefight with FBI agents.

President GingrichGingrich's first act as President is to order two weeks of mourning for President Clinton and Vice President Gore. A state funeral is held for both the President and Vice President.

April 1995:

A new article from Althistory WikiaIn the media many liberal pundits who are angry with the immediate shift in power, call for Gingrich to step down as President. Calling the liberal pundits "ghoulish", Gingrich refuses and two weeks later appoints Gulf War hero Collin Powell to be the next Vice President of the United States. On April 22, 1995 Collin Powell is sworn in as the 46th and first African American Vice President of the United States of America. President Gingrich begins to lay the groundwork for his new administration. Fearing liberal backlash, Gingrich insures that few members of the former Clinton cabinet will be replaced.

August 1995:

In a speech before a crowded Missouri state capitol Richard Gephardt declares his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States of America. In a statement on national television President Gingrich announces that he will be seeking the Republican nomination for President in 1996. Gephardt immediately takes to the campaign trail and begins to blast Gingrich for his far-right stance on the issues.

September 1995:

Opinion polls show that exactly 50 percent of people approve of the job that Gingrich is doing. Colin Powell announces he will not seek another term. Many liberal pundits speculate that he is having disagreements with Gingrich. Privately, however, it is only because Powell has never had any desire to be Vice President of the United States.

In 1862, the ironclad _Virginia_ made its first sortie against the Union ships at the sea lanes of Hampton Roads, Virginia. The _Virginia_ exchanged a round of cannon with the wooden _Cumberland_ and then rammed the _Cumberland_ as per doctrine.

The Scrooge Contribution Part IVThe relatively feeble engnes of the _Virginia_ were then shown inadequate for the _Virginia_ to back out of a ram as expected. Losing its prow, _Virginia_ backed enough to give the _Congress_ a devastating barrage from the ironclad's cannons. Another ship, _Minnesota_ went to shallow water to escape proximity to the _Virginia_. The first day of action (March 8) did not involve the British ironclad _Warrior_, held in reserve that day, or the Union _Monitor_, hurrying south for its encounter with the _Virginia__. The beginning of the battle of the second day was lit by the light of the still burning _Congress._ The least impressive ship that second day was the _Virginia_ which was underengined and poorly built. The _Warrior_, struck several times at its unarmored rudder, began leaking badly and was stuck in the shallows of Hampton Roads, while the _Monitor_ was paralyzed by several direct hits to its gun turret. The outcome was that all three ironclads were rendered incapable of combat and withdrawn from further action.

As military fortunes swelled along the lines of General McClellan's peninsular campaign against Richmond, the British Army had invaded across the border with America in March 1862. Sir James Hope Grant lead five thousand sepoys (transferred, like him, from India) into Seattle. The British took the town, though much of the city was burned down.

In the next month (April 1862), Grant received fifteen thousand reinforcements from across the Pacific Ocean. General Grant planned to go south along the coast and clear out American resistance sloowly and methodically.

Meanwhile, the Pacific Squadron of Admiral Sir Thomas Maitland had been occupied in making the Pearl Harbor port of Honolulu, Hawaii, a British base. On April 1, 1862, the Squadron had attempted to occupy San Francisco during the early morning fog but had been beaten off in a week of fighting. In May, the Royal Navy made a second attempt that was again overcome by an onslaught of numbers. The civilians of San Francisco far outnumbered their adversaries in the Royal Navy and Marines.

On June 21, 1862, General James Hope Grant was defeated in the Rogue's River battles of southern Oregon, and his forces dispersed and retreated following the General's capture by a guerilla organization called the "Lake Tahoe Grizzlies".

In 1976, on this day Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera movie Jesus in Kashmir premiered across the United Kingdom.Click to watch Led Zeppelin

Jesus in KashmirFollowing in the footsteps of the predecessor rock operas Godspell (1970) and Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), Robert Plant portrayed the second half of the life of Jesus right up until his death in Srinagar at the age of eighty years old.

The signature song Kashmir is a spiritual depiction of Jesus flight to the East to study under Buddhist masters in India (the three wise men were Buddhist elders searching for a reincarnation in the manner that Dalai Lamas are searched for),
"Oh let the sun beat down upon my face, stars to fill my dream. I am a traveler of both time and space, to be where I have been to sit with elders of the gentle race, this world has seldom seen. They talk of days for which they sit and wait and all will be revealed "

Today it has been widely accepted that Jesus was buried in Roza Bol. The name of the person buried there according to the sign post and local records is Yus Asaph. The Bhavishya Mahapurana details a holy man in Kashmir at the time who refered to himself as "Isa-masih" and said he was born of a virgin, and some referred to him as "a Son of God".

Local information about Yus Asaph is that he was a prophet who journeyed to Kashmir from a foreign land. The direction of his grave indicates that he was of Israelite origin. The carved footprints next to the tomb suggest that he once survived crucifixion or some other punishment leading to visible scaring of the feet.

In 1837, the House of Representatives votes for president of the United States. The vote does not go smoothly. A number of Webster's Northern supporters prove unwilling to vote for Jackson despite their man's urgings. Meanwhile, Southerners in the House denounce Webster's withdrawal as a scheme designed to keep the White House from once more being occupied by a 'Southern gentleman.' Tempers flare, and the House's sergeant-at-arms is forced to intervene in two separate physical confrontations.
	Andrew Jackson

When the votes are finally counted, it is discovered that once again, there is no majority: some of Webster's former supporters, as well as some of Calhoun?s partisans, have cast blank ballots. Since the Constitution specifies that the winner of the presidency is decided by a majority vote of 'the whole House,' not merely the majority of those voting, there is no winner. What's more, informal polling of the dissident Representatives indicates that they are prepared to continue casting blank ballots. Since neither Jackson nor Calhoun can muster a majority vote in that case, there seems to be no prospect of breaking the deadlock. It is now clear that there will have to be a vote in the Senate. What is not clear is what that will mean: with Webster's withdrawal, the Federalists in the upper house are a wild card in any such balloting.

In 2004, Jacob and Livinia Sheridan reluctantly leave their retirement home in Darwin, Australia to examine the wreckage of the Huygens, a ship that crashed into the Pacific on its return from the Saturnian moon, Titan. The first ship they encounter is the quarantine ship that had gone up to meet the Huygens, ISA 21. It bears the marks of weapon fire, and its entire crew is dead.

In 2005, Chelsea Perkins performs the spell Lights of the night sky enhanced, and suddenly finds herself possessed of telescopic vision; unfortunately, this means that her normal vision is gone, and when she looks at objects close to her, she sees them at a microscopic level. She is reluctantly forced to agree with Alma May Watson that she should have burned the spell book she got this one out of.

In 1962, international superstar Pete Best made his television debut on the BBC, performing with his old band The Silver Beatles on the musical show Teenager's Turn. Best would soon decide to go his own way, which turned out to be disastrous for his old bandmates, but a bonanza for him.

In 1952, hiding from East German soldiers and an extra-dimensional entity in a hillside cave, Mikhail von Heflin and Velma Porter slip through a hole they find in the cave into another dimension. While von Heflin has been exposed to this sort of thing before, Miss Porter is too new to her present state of existence, and loses consciousness.

In 1935, following up on the success of his scientific romance Look Homeward, Angel, Thomas Wolfe publishes its sequel, Of Time And The River. The series followed the exploits of the fallen angel Gant after leaving his home in the village of Ash, and has become a classic of S.R.

In 1852, Denmark and Spain joined the Congress of Nations. The last two holdouts in Europe, they paved the way for the other isolationist countries of the earth to finally give in and begin joining the C.N.

In 2005, after doing some work for the local diner owner for a day, the Langes are able to borrow his phone and make a call to the United States. They call the Save Earth group in Tucson and explain that they are in South Africa, and ask for help. The group's leader, Carl Worthington, promises to get them back.

In 1994, South African troops, allies of the U.S., accept the surrender of Madagascar. Although the war in the Indian Ocean Theater is just beginning, South Africa is sweeping across its neighbors with alarming speed. In some respects, they are doing even better than President Ralph Shephard's troops in the western hemisphere.

In 1953, Doctor Rosalind Franklin is tight-lipped about her involvement in the murders of James Watson and Francis Crick, and the attempted murder of Cambridge biologist William Hughes. The prosecutor, with much evidence already pointing at Dr. Maurice Wilkins instead of her, tells Professor Hughes, 'I am inclined to release her and proceed with the case against Dr. Wilkins.' Professor Hughes begs him, 'Let me talk to her.' The prosecutor agrees, and Professor Hughes speaks with Dr. Franklin in the interrogation room. He opens his questioning with, 'Why don't you tell me about the DNA?' Dr. Franklin thinks for a moment, then makes a decision to speak. 'All right. What's one more man stealing my research? DNA is a beautiful thing; in the pictures I took, you can see it spiraling through all life, carrying all the information needed to make you, or me, or a fly, or a disease. Its little spirals run through everything, Professor Hughes. Study it, learn it, know it, and you know everything there is to know about life itself.' Professor Hughes shakes himself out of the spell of her vision and asks, 'Do you think such research is Nobel-prize worthy?' She barked out a laugh and said, 'At the very least, professor. Do you know what you can do if you know how to reorder the spiral that orders life? You become a god, professor. That knowledge, that power, is worthy of more accolades than the scientific community is capable of giving.' Professor Hughes nodded and followed up with, 'Do you think such research is worth the sacrifice of human life?' She narrows her eyes at him, and simply nods. The prosecutor agrees to bring charges against her, and keep searching for evidence to tie her to the murders.

In 12-18-19-16-12, the composer for the Incan court, Bekcheco, died in his sleep in the Incan capitol of Cuszo. Bekcheco had been known for his musical styles that appealed so highly to the young people of the continent, combining eastern rhythms with more civilized traditional Oueztecan music.

In 1801, British and Ottoman soldiers took control of Abukir Bay in Egypt from Italian Imperial forces. Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor of Italy, had assumed control of Egypt largely out of a desire to recreate the Roman Empire. Unfortunately for the Little Italian, it placed him perilously close to the Ottoman Empire, which joined forces with the northern European allies against Italy.

In 1904, senior German Underground (G.U.) official Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich was born in the city of Halle an der Saale.

Birth of Reinhard HeydrichHis father, Bruno, was a non-religious singer and composer who was kept out of the upper echelons of German society due to a humble background and a persistent, though false, rumour that he was Jewish. Reinhard's mother, Elizabeth Kranz, was a practicing Catholic from a rich musical family in Dresden. As Reinhard grew up, both his father and his classmates inculcated him with a virulent anti-Semitism.

He was a loner who tried to prove his superiority through his studies and through sports. And as he rose through the ranks of the German Underground, it became increasingly apparent that he was more a worshipper of power than Nazi ideology.

At the Wannsee Conference in January 1942, he informed leaders of the G.U. of his plan to exterminate the Greater Zionist Resistance (GZR) utterly, and non-Aryans with them. Although some were secretly appalled at this plan, none dared speak against it; Hitler's enemies in the G.U. had a habit of "disappearing". But he went too far, telling them "If the old man (Hitler) goes nuts, I will take care of him".

And sure enough, he also disappeared. Because several months later, he was assassinated by members of the GZR. Even though other seniors in the G.U. like Admiral Canaris had received intelligence reports, they failed to pass the warning on to Heydrich. And the result of course was that the fate of the G.U. remained firmly in the hands of the time-travelling new-Nazis from 1968. Because this time around, demagogues would not be permitted to wreck the project.

In 1904, on this day Hitler's Hangman Reinhard Heydrich was born in Halle an der Saale, the largest city in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

Birth of Hitler's HangmanWhile serving as the Acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, and en route to a meeting with the Fuhrer, he was subject to an assassination attempt by agents acting for the Czechoslovak government-in-exile (reconstruction as pictured).

Heinrich Himmler ordered Dr. Karl Gebhardt to fly to Prague to assume care. Despite a fever, Heydrich's recovery appeared to progress well. But recognizing the threat of the infection, Dr. Theodor Morell, Hitler's personal physician, suggested the use of a new antibacterial drug called sulfonamide that subdued the fever and ultimately saved his life.

Following his recovery, the meeting was reconvened, and he as previously planned, he was dispatched to German-occupied France to subdue the resistance. And needless to say, his close encounter with death had added a raw edge to the intensity of his already frightening brutality.

In 1850, on this day 28th President of the United States James Beauchamp ("Champ") Clark was born in Lawrenceburg, Kentucky.

Birth of the under-estimated statesman from Pike CountyFollowing the tragic demise of William Jennings Bryan, he was nominated by the Democratic Party on the fourth ballot at the convention in Baltimore.

Despite the disparaging comments from some quarters (he was sneeringly labelled "the statesman from Pike County"), he was an experienced Missouri politician and a successful Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He decided to chose a less consistent candidate, Woodrow Wilson as his running mate, and together they defeated incumbent President William Howard Taft in the fall. This Republican disaster was also in part due to the unhelpful entry into the campaign of former President Teddy Roosevelt who split the GOP vote.

One consequence of this outcome was the appointment of James Michael Curley, a first generation Irish American who was raised on the horrors of the Irish Potato Famine and the stories of British oppression, for the position of Secretary of State. To the great disadvantage of the British, he was in post at the outbreak of the Great War, and did much to support Clark's own inclination towards American neutrality.

In 1936, in his final break with the Locarno Pact and the older Treaty of Versailles, Adolf Hitler ordered troops to march into the Rhineland, which had been formerly occupied by Allied Powers and fully demilitarized for half a decade.

Hitler's Forces Turn About in Rhineland The move was a political gamble, and, when the dice fell, Hitler proved the loser. After a fast debate in the League of Nations, France led a campaign marching troops back into occupation, chasing German soldiers out. Hitler's career would never recover from the blunder.

The Rhineland had long been a tumultuous piece of geography since its organization in 1824. The Industrial Revolution found it rich in key minerals, which were doubly useful with the Rhine waterway for transport. Factories went up, which made the Rhine even more key than its position as a barrier to neighboring France. When the Great War raged, the Rhine served as an important staging ground for campaigns into Belgium and defense against French counterattacks. At the Treaty of Versailles, part of the demilitarizing (humiliation) of Germany was to occupy the Rhine and refuse German stations there. The German delegation famously broke the ceremonial pen after the signing to show their displeasure.

A new story by Jeff ProvineLater, the policies would prove overwhelming for Germany. Hyperinflation over reparations destroyed its economy, and already in 1925 the Locarno Pact looked to weaken French diplomatic dominance over Eastern Europe, which would favor Germany, especially in its hastening of moving French troops out of the Rhineland by 1930. Three years later, leader Adolf Hitler would reinvigorate Germany by strict economic practices and illegally rebuilding the armed forces. War-weary Europe primarily ignored the Chancellor's activities, usually too concerned with their own economic woes to deal with another expensive war. France itself became increasingly under pressure from its leftist movements and ultimately signed a new pact with the Soviet Union in 1935, which would prompt Hitler to move into the Rhineland as he felt the French had already violated the Locarno Pact.

Upon news of the German reoccupation of the Rhine, French Prime Minister Albert Sarraut decided now was the time to solidify his party's place in the government. He rallied France to the illegal actions of the Germans, gained the blessing of the League of Nations, and marched troops to chase out German soldiers. The German generals, already nervous about the action, retreated. Hitler was furious with them, but the generals knew the lackluster preparedness of the Reich's armies. German Foreign Minister Neurath went as far as demanding another push, but Hitler lost his nerve.

In his Reichstag Speech at the time of the reoccupation, Hitler said, "I would therefore like the German people to understand the inner motives of National Socialist foreign policy, which finds it painful that the outlet to the sea of a people of 35 millions is situated on territory formerly belonging to the Reich, but which recognises that it is unreasonable and impossible to deny a State of such a size as this any outlet to the sea at all," which was taken by the French and Belgians as a notification of a policy of invasion and war. The matter was discussed in the League of Nations, and British Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden's plan for bolstering the Germany economy was reexamined. Germany would win back several colonies, but it had gone too far in trying to force its hand, losing potential economic advantages along the Rhine and Danube. Military action suddenly became a terrible public relations move.

In a poll on March 29 in Germany, the Germans would come to a marginal split over whether the invasion had been a good idea. Hitler conducted the Olympics that summer, where he would again lose face after his Aryan athletes were defeated by international figures such as African American Jesse Owens. After strikes washed across France in 1936, they would spill into Germany, and Hitler's government would be voted out in favor of more moderate and left-leaning ones. Hitler himself would be appointed to a governorship in Kaiser Wilhelm's Land (internationally known as Papua New Guinea), where his fame would all but disappear from the world view, though his paintings of the tropical Pacific would later be lauded in museums in Berlin, London, and New York.

The world, meanwhile, would come to a new wave of revolutions as Socialism grew, fed by successes from the USSR, while Fascism faded in long, unwinnable wars in Spain and Italian Ethiopia.

In 2002, a videotape of Osama bin Laden comes into the hands of Gulf media network Al-Jazeera and is broadcast.
Bin Laden Lives by Eric LippsCIA analysts are unable to determine from what appears on the tape exactly when it was made; its appearance therefore feeds rumors that bin Laden is still alive and at large despite the Gore Administration's claim that he was killed in the asault on Tora Bora several days earlier.
The Administration will swiftly denounce the tape as a fake. Gore's political enemies, however, will seize on it as proof that Gore lied to the American people about Allied forces having killed bin Laden. A Wall Street Journal editorial the folowing day will call the video "proof that this administration will say and do anything to deceive Americans for political gain".

In 1983, physicist Edward Teller informs U.S. President Edward M. Kennedy that "recent breakthroughs" in X-ray laser technology have made possible the development of what Dr. Teller asserts can be a "100 percent effective" defense against nuclear missiles.

TedK Authorizes "Star Wars"Teller claims that a single module of the system he envisions, one "the size of an executive desk", would be able to counter a full-scale Soviet ICBM attack.

The President is familiar with anti-ballistic-missile technology, having been involved in Senate debates on the subject as far back as the late 1960s. Based on the questionable history of ABM efforts, which have never produced a working system, he is skeptical of Teller's claims despite the scientist's fame as "father of the hydrogen bomb".

Nevertheless, he informs Teller that he will support an increase in research funding for this project. He cautions, though, that he will make no public announcement on the subject. "Why tip off the Soviets about what we're doing?" he asks rhetorically. "And besides, if we go public with this and then we can't get the damn thing to work after all, we'll look like idiots".

Dr. Teller assures Kennedy that there is no danger that the technology will turn out to be unworkable, but agrees that it is probably best not to publicize the project. He leaves the office satisfied.
This post is an article from the No Chappaquiddick timeline by Eric Lipps.

	On this day in 1968, Israeli prime minister Levi Eshkol died of heart failure at the age of 72.
Levi Eshkol

On this day in 2019 surviving cast members of all three CSI franchise series held a reunion party in Los Angeles to mark the original show's 20th anniversary and promote the debut of a new syndicated spinoff about forensic cadets.	CSI
	Cast

	On this day in 1970, Apollo 7 was launched from Cape Canaveral; because seven is traditionally considered a lucky number, the lunar module for this mission was fittingly christened 'Lady Luck'.

In 1837, Daniel Webster announces he is withdrawing from the presidential race, and asks his followers to support Acting President Andrew Jackson instead. His stated reason is the need for Americans to 'stand united in this time of foreign invasion,' but political insiders believe that another, more potent reason is that the collapse of his political support among Southerners in Congress following his intemperate remarks of eight days earlier: he can now function only as a spoiler, whose continued presence in the contest will hand victory to the strongly pro-slavery Calhoun, whom he dislikes both politically and personally.
	Andrew Jackson

With Webster out of the running, a House vote is scheduled for the following day. It is now expected that Jackson will be confirmed as president for life. Southern supporters of John Calhoun are furious, and accuse Webster of 'conspiring' with Jackson to defeat Calhoun. They vow to prevent the House from confirming Jackson as lifetime President.

In 2004, two vessels splash into the Pacific, 50 miles from the Australian coast, near Darwin. One is the Huygens, which the International Space Administration already knew was damaged. The other was the quarantine ship sent up to examine the Huygens, which had been in perfect shape when it lifted off from the I.S.A. command center in Tanegashima, Japan. The I.S.A. requests that the Australian government send someone to examine the wreckage, and they turn to their nearest experts, Jacob and Livinia Sheridan, in Darwin.

In 1987, U.S. troops occupy the Mexican side of the Rio Grand Valley and Baja California. President Ralph Shephard convinced Mexico not to counter-attack; according to him, it was 'reinforcing American positions on the continent in the event of Communist attack'. Privately, though, he said that 'America is only marching into its backyard.'

In 1952, soldiers and a thing from another dimension hunt down Mikhail von Heflin and Velma Porter in the woods of East Germany. Porter and von Heflin can feel the thing in their minds as they run, and its attack is as deadly as the bullets the soldiers fire at them. They seek shelter underneath a small hill and attempt to regain their strength.