In 1588, on this day Spain's King Philip II went into seclusion after hearing the news of the Spanish Armada's destruction. He would not emerge from that seclusion for weeks.

In 1588, on this day the Church of England held a special mass of thanksgiving to celebrate what Queen Elizabeth I called "our kingdom's fortunate deliverance" from attack by the Spanish Armada.

In 1588, on this day the Duke of Parma, who'd fallen into irreversible physical and mental decline following the destruction of the Spanish Armada, died from a cerebral hemorrhage.

In 1593, on this day Dutch rebels won a crucial victory in their war for independence from Spain, seizing the main Spanish garrison at Amsterdam.                                          

In 1596, on this day Dutch rebels won their war for independence from Spain as the last Spanish colonial governor of the Netherlands fled the Hague.

In 1601, on this day the first contingent of British occupation troops arrived in southern Spain.

In 1603, on this day a pro-British regime seized power in Portugal, overthrowing the previous Spanish-backed government.                                                                                            

In 1604, the British navy began anti-piracy patrols off the coast of Florida, a former Spanish colony in the New World which had been annexed by Britain in the mid-1590s.

In 1606, a British colonial expedition left Florida to establish a settlement in what is now the U.S. state of Georgia.                                                                                              

In 1606, British colonists established the first permanent European settlement in what is today the state of Georgia.

In 1607, on this day Britain's second permanent colony in North America, Jamestown, was established in Virginia.

In 1607, on this day the British government organized an expedition to establish its third permanent settlement in the New World at the site of what is today Plymouth, Massachusetts.

In 1608, a survey expedition left France for the New World with the goal of finding a suitable location to install the first permanent French settlement in North America. That expedition would go on to play a key role in the establishment of what is today the city of Montreal.

In 1610, British occupation troops in southern Spain joined forces with Spanish Protestant militias in crushing a Spanish Catholic uprising in Sevilla; it was the first major military engagement between the British and the King of Spain's loyalists since the Armada Storm.

The commanding general of the British troops at Sevilla was later knighted for his actions.

In 1613, a group of British colonists in the Massachusetts Bay region of New England established what is today the city of Boston.

In 1614, on this day British occupation troops in southern Spain brutally suppressed an anti-occupation uprising in Valencia.                                                                                  

Three-quarters of Valencia's population was put to death and half of the city itself was burned to the ground in retaliation for an attack on the local British garrison by insurgents loyal to the Spanish crown.

In 1618, the Spanish coastal town of Malaga witnessed one of the most gruesome acts of mass murder ever perpetrated on European soil as British occupation troops and Spanish Protestant militias joined forces to slaughter nearly twelve hundred Spanish Catholics for allegedly plotting to revolt against the local British garrison commander; whether such a conspiracy actually existed or was just a ruse has still not been proven to this day, but the massacre would prove to have dire repercussions for Anglo-Spanish relations for nearly two centuries afterwards.

Between 1690 and 1778 three major wars would be fought between Britain and Spain due to lingering bitterness over the massacre, and in the early 19th century Spanish cavalry would attempt to ambush the Duke of Wellington's troops near Malaga in hopes of finally avenging the twelve hundred people put to death there during the British occupation.

Not until 1816, when Queen Victoria issued a formal apology for the massacre, did Anglo-Spanish relations begin to improve. In 1948 another British monarch, King George VI, would further the process of reconciliation by participating in a memorial service for the victims of the massacre; two decades after George VI's visit Queen Elizabeth the second would christen a memorial park in Malaga dedicated to the people killed in the 1618 massacre.